Volcanic Eruption , a natural catastrophic process of escape of the magma , ashes and toxic gases through the surface of earth in to the atmosphere.
Nearly 46 continuing volcanoes are being discovered, most of the active are in the Pacific ring of fire.
Recently in December 2021 , the submarine volcano in the Tonga Island erupted. In Iceland, the valley is filled with black lava for months before eruption of volcano.
India has single most active volcano, in Barren island.
Impact on Environment
It can cause earthquake in the region,
The emitted gases like CO2,SO2,H2S when released in to atmosphere will make the humans and other living organisms vulnerable including vegetation
Erupted magma can alter the adjacent climate change, Toxic gases, ashes can make the sky invisible, so that light cannot pass through.
Deterioration of water poses threat not only to marine life but also to the ecosystem.
Apart from the negative impacts on Environment, Volcanoes can bring the Soil fertile bringing the natural micronutrients on the surface of earth. New islands can be formed.
A good example of it is Deccan plateau which is formed from volcanic Eruption.
Geothermal energy is also one of the positive impact. It helps in diverging the plates which results in the geographical distribution of unique species and regions.
Volcanic eruption is a natural phenomenon with multi dimensional effect, early detection and analysis of topography helps in mitigating the vulnerable effect .